What Is the CompTIA A+ Certification?
The CompTIA A+ is an entry-level IT certification that validates foundational knowledge in hardware, software, networking, security, and troubleshooting. It is one of the most recognized certifications in the IT industry and is often listed as a preferred or required qualification for help desk, field service, and IT support roles. The certification is vendor-neutral, meaning it covers concepts applicable across multiple technology platforms rather than being tied to a single brand or product.
CompTIA A+ consists of two separate exams: Core 1 (220-1201) and Core 2 (220-1202). Both must be passed to earn the certification. The exams test practical, hands-on knowledge that employers expect from entry-level IT professionals. CompTIA updates the A+ objectives periodically to reflect current technology, and the 2026 version (1200 series) includes coverage of cloud computing, virtualization, mobile device management, and modern security practices.
Understanding the Two-Exam Structure
Earning the CompTIA A+ requires passing two separate exams. Each exam covers distinct domains and has its own passing score, question count, and time limit. You do not need to take both exams on the same day, and most candidates schedule them weeks apart to allow focused study on each exam's specific content.
Both exams include multiple-choice questions and performance-based questions (PBQs). PBQs require you to perform tasks in a simulated environment, such as configuring network settings, troubleshooting a hardware issue, or selecting appropriate security settings. These practical questions test whether you can apply knowledge, not just recall facts.
The CompTIA A+ certification is valid for three years from the date you pass your last exam. You can renew through continuing education units (CEUs), by earning a higher-level CompTIA certification, or by completing renewal activities through the CompTIA CE program.
Core 1 (220-1201) Breakdown
Core 1 focuses on hardware and infrastructure topics. It tests your ability to identify, use, and connect hardware components, as well as configure and troubleshoot device connectivity. The exam includes 90 questions and must be completed in 90 minutes. The maximum score is 900, and the passing score is 675.
Domain 1: Mobile Devices (15%) covers installing and configuring laptops and other mobile devices, including display types, storage, memory, and connectivity options. You should understand docking stations, port replicators, and mobile device accessories. Topics include cellular connectivity standards, screen replacement procedures, and mobile device synchronization methods.
Domain 2: Networking (20%) includes TCP/IP, wireless protocols, network hardware, and connectivity concepts. You need to know port numbers for common services, subnetting basics, network topologies, and how to configure network settings on different operating systems. Understand the differences between TCP and UDP, and know common cable types and their maximum distances.
Domain 3: Hardware (25%) is the largest domain and covers desktop and laptop hardware components, storage devices, and printers. You should be able to identify motherboard form factors, RAM types, CPU sockets, expansion slots, and power supply specifications. This domain also includes printer technologies including laser, inkjet, thermal, and impact printers, along with common printer problems and solutions.
Domain 4: Virtualization and Cloud Computing (11%) covers cloud computing concepts, service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), and virtualization technologies. You should understand hypervisors, virtual machines, and cloud deployment models. Know the differences between public, private, and hybrid clouds, and understand basic cloud storage and computing services.
Domain 5: Hardware and Network Troubleshooting (29%) is the largest domain by weight. This section tests your ability to diagnose and resolve hardware, software, and network issues. You should follow standard troubleshooting methodology, including identifying the problem, establishing a theory of probable cause, testing the theory, establishing a plan of action, and verifying functionality. Common scenarios include no-boot conditions, peripheral failures, intermittent connectivity issues, and display problems.
Core 2 (220-1202) Breakdown
Core 2 shifts focus to operating systems, security, software troubleshooting, and operational procedures. It also includes 90 questions with a 90-minute time limit, but the passing score is higher at 700 out of 900. This exam tests your ability to support and maintain IT systems, implement security best practices, and follow professional procedures.
Domain 1: Operating Systems (22%) covers installation, configuration, and management of Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile operating systems. You should know how to use command-line tools, manage files and directories, configure system settings, and understand operating system features like virtual memory, user accounts, and system utilities. Know the key differences between Windows editions and understand basic Linux command-line navigation.
Domain 2: Security (24%) covers physical security, logical security, wireless security, and incident response. You should understand encryption methods, authentication protocols, access control models, and common security threats like malware, phishing, and social engineering. Know how to implement basic security measures including firewalls, antivirus software, and password policies. Understand the principles of least privilege and defense in depth.
Domain 3: Software Troubleshooting (22%) tests your ability to diagnose and resolve issues with operating systems, applications, web browsers, and mobile devices. Common scenarios include application crashes, driver conflicts, browser issues, email problems, and mobile app failures. You should know how to use built-in operating system tools like Event Viewer, Task Manager, and System Configuration to diagnose problems.
Domain 4: Operational Procedures (32%) is the largest Core 2 domain and covers professional communication, documentation, change management, disaster recovery, scripting basics, and remote access technologies. You should understand proper ticketing procedures, backup strategies, and how to communicate technical information to non-technical users. This domain also includes environmental controls, safety procedures, and proper disposal of IT equipment.
Exam Comparison
The following table compares the key details of both A+ exams side by side:
| Feature | Core 1 (220-1201) | Core 2 (220-1202) |
|---|---|---|
| Passing Score | 675 / 900 | 700 / 900 |
| Number of Questions | Maximum of 90 | Maximum of 90 |
| Time Limit | 90 minutes | 90 minutes |
| Question Types | Multiple choice, performance-based | Multiple choice, performance-based |
| Languages | English, Japanese | English, Japanese |
| Recommended Experience | 12 months hands-on experience | 12 months hands-on experience |
| Primary Focus | Hardware, networking, troubleshooting | OS, security, operational procedures |
| Testing Providers | Pearson VUE, Certmaster | Pearson VUE, Certmaster |
8-Week Study Plan
A structured study plan is essential for A+ success. The following 8-week schedule covers both exams with time for review and practice testing. Adjust the timeline based on your existing knowledge and experience.
Weeks 1-3: Core 1 Hardware and Networking
- Week 1: Study mobile devices (15% of Core 1). Learn laptop components, display types, storage interfaces, and mobile device connectivity. Practice identifying hardware components visually.
- Week 2: Study networking concepts (20% of Core 1). Master TCP/IP, port numbers, wireless standards, and network hardware. Set up a home lab to practice network configuration.
- Week 3: Study hardware components (25% of Core 1). Learn motherboard form factors, CPU types, RAM standards, storage devices, and printer technologies. Practice building a PC if possible.
Week 4: Core 1 Review and Practice Exams
- Week 4: Review virtualization and cloud concepts (11%), then focus on hardware and network troubleshooting (29%). Take at least 3 full-length practice exams. Review every missed question and study the underlying concepts.
Weeks 5-7: Core 2 Operating Systems and Security
- Week 5: Study operating systems (22% of Core 2). Practice installing and configuring Windows, macOS, and Linux. Learn command-line tools and system utilities for each platform.
- Week 6: Study security concepts (24% of Core 2). Learn about encryption, authentication, access control, and common threats. Practice implementing security settings on different operating systems.
- Week 7: Study software troubleshooting (22%) and operational procedures (32%). Learn ticketing systems, documentation best practices, and disaster recovery concepts. Review scripting basics and remote access technologies.
Week 8: Core 2 Review and Practice Exams
- Week 8: Take 3-4 full-length Core 2 practice exams. Focus on weak areas identified in practice tests. Review operational procedures, which carry the highest weight. Schedule your exam for the end of the week.
Study Resources and Strategies
Choosing the right study materials significantly impacts your preparation. CompTIA offers official resources that align directly with exam objectives. The CompTIA CertMaster Learn platform provides interactive lessons, practice questions, and performance-based scenarios. The CertMaster Labs environment lets you practice hands-on tasks in virtual labs that mirror real exam conditions.
Third-party resources complement official materials. Popular options include Professor Messer's free video series, which covers every exam objective with clear explanations. Jason Dion's practice exams on Udemy closely simulate the real exam format. Mike Meyers' Total CompTIA A+ course provides comprehensive video training with hands-on demonstrations.
Building a home lab is one of the most effective study strategies. You can practice hardware identification, operating system installation, network configuration, and troubleshooting by working with real equipment. Old computers, spare parts, and virtual machines provide realistic practice opportunities without significant cost.
Flashcards are effective for memorizing port numbers, cable specifications, and command-line syntax. Create physical flashcards or use digital tools like Anki or Quizlet. Review flashcards daily, even for topics you think you know well. Spaced repetition helps move information from short-term to long-term memory.
The CompTIA A+ exam objectives document is your study roadmap. Download the official objectives from CompTIA's website and use them as a checklist. Mark topics you are confident about and highlight areas where you need more study. Every exam question maps to a specific objective, so comprehensive coverage of the objectives ensures you are prepared.
Test Day Preparation
Proper preparation on test day reduces anxiety and helps you perform your best. The night before your exam, review your notes briefly but avoid heavy studying. Get a full night's sleep and eat a balanced meal before your appointment. Arrive at the testing center at least 30 minutes early to allow time for check-in procedures.
At the testing center, you will need to present two forms of valid identification. One must be a government-issued photo ID, and the other must have your name and signature. You will also need to provide a recent photograph if testing at a Pearson VUE center for the first time. Personal items including phones, bags, watches, and notes must be stored in a locker before entering the testing room.
The exam begins with an optional tutorial that explains how to navigate the testing interface. This tutorial does not count against your exam time, but it is worth reviewing if you are unfamiliar with Pearson VUE's interface. After the tutorial, your 90-minute timer starts.
During the exam, manage your time carefully. With 90 questions in 90 minutes, you have approximately one minute per question. Performance-based questions may take longer, so budget 2-3 minutes for complex PBQs and work through simpler multiple-choice questions more quickly. If you are unsure about a question, mark it for review and move on. You can return to marked questions if time permits.
After completing all questions, you will receive your score immediately. A pass or fail result appears on screen, along with your score. If you pass, you will receive instructions on how to obtain your certification. If you do not pass, you can retake the exam after a 24-hour waiting period for the first retake, with increasing waiting periods for subsequent attempts.
After You Get Certified
Earning the CompTIA A+ opens doors to numerous IT career paths. Common roles for A+ holders include help desk technician, field service technician, IT support specialist, desktop support administrator, and system support specialist. The median salary for computer support specialists in the United States is approximately $57,000 annually, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The A+ certification also serves as a foundation for advanced CompTIA certifications. After earning A+, consider pursuing Network+ to deepen your networking knowledge, Security+ to specialize in cybersecurity, or CySA+ for security analytics. Many IT professionals follow this certification path to build progressively specialized skills.
To maintain your certification, you must earn 20 continuing education units (CEUs) within three years. CEUs can be earned through training courses, conference attendance, publishing articles, or teaching IT-related content. Alternatively, earning a higher-level CompTIA certification automatically renews your A+ for three additional years.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to study for the CompTIA A+?
Most candidates study for 8 to 12 weeks per exam, dedicating 1-2 hours daily. If you have prior IT experience, you may compress this to 4-6 weeks. Complete beginners may need 12-16 weeks to build foundational knowledge. The key is consistent daily study rather than cramming.
Can I take the A+ exams online?
Yes, CompTIA offers online proctoring through Pearson VUE. You can take the exam from home or any quiet location with a reliable internet connection, a webcam, and a microphone. Online proctoring follows the same rules as in-person testing, including ID verification and room scans.
Do I need to pass both exams on the same day?
No. Most candidates schedule the exams separately, often weeks apart. This allows focused study on each exam's specific content. You can take Core 1 first and Core 2 later, or vice versa. The order does not matter, and you have up to one year from your first exam attempt to pass the second.
What score do I need to pass?
Core 1 requires a score of 675 out of 900, and Core 2 requires 700 out of 900. CompTIA uses a scaled scoring system, so the exact number of correct answers needed may vary slightly between exam versions. Focus on understanding concepts rather than memorizing specific pass thresholds.
How much does the A+ exam cost?
Each exam costs approximately $349 USD. CompTIA occasionally offers bundled pricing for both exams through their CertMaster products. Voucher discounts are available through academic institutions, employer programs, and CompTIA partnerships. Some employers reimburse certification exam costs as part of professional development benefits.
What happens if I fail an exam?
You can retake the exam after a waiting period. The first retake requires a 24-hour waiting period. The second retake requires a 14-day waiting period. After the third attempt, you must wait 30 days before each additional retake. There is no limit on total attempts, but each attempt requires a new exam voucher.
Is the A+ certification worth it in 2026?
Yes. Despite advances in automation and AI, the A+ certification remains valuable for entry-level IT positions. It validates foundational knowledge that employers require and demonstrates commitment to the IT profession. The certification is particularly valuable for career changers entering IT and for professionals seeking their first technical role.
Can I use the A+ for government jobs?
Yes. The CompTIA A+ is approved by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) under Directive 8570/8140 for Information Assurance Technical (IAT) Level I positions. Many government agencies and defense contractors require or prefer DoD-approved certifications, making A+ valuable for government IT careers.
